Intertextual Exchange in Carmilla, Dracula and the Historian Essay exam

â€Å"Writers seldom duplicate their influential precursor(s); rather, they often work within a certain framework established by other writers or generic conventions, but vary aspects of it in significant ways.† (Clayton, 155). Sheridan Le Fanu’s, Carmilla, Bram Stoker’s, Dracula and Elizabeth Kostova’s, The Historian, clearly engage in this intertextual exchange, as evidenced by their use of narrative structure, striking character parallels and authors choice of language. Published in 1872, Le Fanu relates the story of Carmilla from a first person point of view, through four distinct perspectives. The first narrator, an unnamed assistant to Doctor Hesselius, prefaces the story as correspondence of scholarly interest between the Doctor and an â€Å"intelligent lady.† Introducing the story in this manner lays the initial framework for believability. The doctor’s academic interest signifies scientific validity; whereby, the woman’s intelligence implies rationality. Subsequently, Le Fanu presents the second narrator, the aforementioned young woman, Laura, who provides the bulk of the account to follow. Born in Styria, Laura is described as being of English descent, but having â€Å"never saw England† (87). Residing with her father and two governesses, she is socially isolated and motherless, with negligible paternal involvement. Laura epitomizes vampire literature’s prototypical victim. Moreover, foreshadowing her successors, Laura begins her strange tale with the words, â€Å"I am now going to tell you something so strange that it will require all your faith in my veracity to believe my story. It is not only true, nevertheless, but truth of which I have been an eye-witness† (91). Laura’s appeal to believability, based upon personal testimony, augmen... ...es her unconventional treatment. Second, Van Helsing is reminiscent of the occult expert, Doctor Hesselius. Both men engage in study of the supernatural as a hobby outside their medical profession. Finally, Van Helsing is a resonance of Baron Vordenburg. Like the Baron, Van Helsing places great value in his books and papers for knowledge of the supernatural; moreover, he is responsible for confirming Lucy’s undead state and educating the other men in how to stake her; and, it is Baron’s governing principles of the vampire which foreshadow Van Helsing’s characteristics of the enemy, Dracula (344). Works Cited Clayton, Jay, and Eric Rothstein, eds. Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1991. Print. Williams, Ann, ed. Three Vampire Tales: Complete Texts with Introduction. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2003. Print.

Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture (Article Critique) Essay

This paper seeks to prepare a critique of the article entitled â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture† by Bartley, B. et al. (2007). The nature of the critique to be applied is literature critique and an evaluation on the authors’ ideas, methods and results. The framework to make the evaluation is to whether the conclusions are supported by evidence, whether the methodologies and assumptions used have basis, whether statements made are consistent with premises laid down by the authors and whether the authors could accomplish their purposes in making the paper. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 On aims, methodology and approach of the research article The aims of Bartley, et al (2007) in writing the article â€Å"Best practices in achieving a customer-focused culture†, include the following: to provide practical insights into how organizations can become more customer-focused and to share with the researchers and organizations a framework that can be used to research â€Å"customer focus culture†. These two aims can be assessed to depend also on the validity of the results or conclusions of their paper. They also aimed to assess an organizations’ level of customer focus; to describe how New Zealand’s first consortium approach to benchmarking was managed so that others interested in planning a consortioun study can learn from experience. To assess the level of customer focus in an organization requires the use of a framework or hence the success and validity of such assessment will depend on the validity of the model. Describing the the approach to benchmarking could be assessed whether it has provided sufficient information to convinve readers that the researcher have applied the necessary means to accomplish their purpose. Bartley, B. et al (2007) explained that the study involved the use of the benchmarking body which was conducted by member organizations from the New Zealand Benchmarking Club (NZBC) and facilitated by a doctoral student from Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research. Their methodology involved the need to conduct an extensive literature review to help them in identifying national and international best practices in customer focus. They also developed a survey that was completed by 32 potential best practice organizations, and selecting seven of these organizations for best practice list. Conducting such a literature review for the purpose used appears logical because the works of previous researchers were considered and analyzed to get the common characteristic of those that were successful with customer focus. It appears that researchers indeed have used sufficient number of researchers whose works appear mainly in academic journals signifying previous publication and this observation must lend some degree of confirmation of the literature review conducted by the authors. 2. 2 On literature review made by authors The authors asserted to have found a framework for the examination of customer-focused culture via the literature review made. It may be noted that the study included only a survey of 32 potential best organizations as identified by the reseachers and they may not necessarily represent the broader characteristics of other organizations in New Zealand and even in the world. They have indeed accepted a limitation of their study that benefits would have been gained if the study has extended to a larger international group. The limitation of the samples use is material into the validity of the survey on whether they represent the real value of customer focus culture to the organizations. In discussing the background of the study, Bartley, et al (2007) cited the the strong link between an organization’s culture and its performance which they claimed to have been widely recognised by practitioners where they cited the work of Basch (2002) and academics where they cited the work of Kotter and Heskett (1992). If organizations desire to have enduring relationship and loyal customers, they must be equipped with an effective customer-focused culture which will make it easier for these companies to have successful product and service delivery. To support their statements they cited the works of Macaukay Clark (1998) and Martin (1992). For the authors customer-focused culture was almost as good as survival in the long-term. These findings from literature review prompted the authors and the the 18 organization-members of the NZBC to asks for the componets and charateristics of a good customer-focused culture. For which reason, NZBC was formed by the Massey University’s Centre for Organizational Excellence Research (COER) in partnership witht the New Zealand Business Excellence Foundation to achieve the ambitious vision of becoming world-class performers of its members and to adopt excellent business practices within New Zealand. To measure the improvements by club members, they have agreed on a criteria for excellent performance on annual basis. See Figure 1 of their report and is made part of Appendix 1 of this paper. It appears that their agreement on criteria of performance excellence was just not a result of a tests or even a previous study. By merely agreeing and not conducting any test which are the factors there is basis the criteria may be just based on opinions. The results of their literature review resulted to their having identified six characteristics of organizations having performance of good to best practices. Bartley, B. et al. (2007) made use of same six characteristics as an analytical framework. They found the importance of leadership and used the works of Brooks, 1997; Whitely, 1991, Galreath and Rogers, 1999 which found that customers drive organizational direction and actions, to support the characteristic. They also included listening as characteristic where the views of customers are actively sought to have ease of contact/conduct of business where they cited the works of Scheuing (1999) and Plymie (1991). Bartley, B. et al (2007) also included analysis and understanding using the works of Brooks (1997) and Wikstrom (1996) which found that need to understand customer expectations. Further included is integration and deployment where the authors cited the work of Martin (1992) which could the need to act upon customers’ expectations. Still include is is people after citing the work of Kennedy, et al, (2002) which determined that customer-focused culture is understood and integrated in the whole the organization. They also included the need to review and improve where they cite the work of Alam and Perry (2002). The fact their literature review is supported by published works of other researchers on the basis of being mainly taken from academic journals and other published works, will lends some degree of validity of the summary of characteristics made as part of their analytical framework. 2. 3. On submitted figures as support to analysis Based on literature review made by the authors, they asserted the requirement for organizations to have customer focus culture must be made. Since the purpose is better performance for the organization whether financial or otherwisel, customer focused culture must be present in the whole organization. Bartley, B. et al (2007), did argue about the proven connection between customer focus and performance of organizations in individual and operational areas as in terms of service quality, customer and employee satisfaction and well as profitability citing the work of Appiah-Adu and Singh (1998) and Agarwal et al. (2003). The researchers had set six categories from which its decided which is the most effective way for its members organizations to improve and they stated to have voted to which customer focus issues were most important. Bartley, B. et al (2007) detailed which were the most important customer issues but they did not show what were the other choices of the respondents in the survey aside from those listed in Table I in the their presentation, which is not part of Appendix 4 of this paper. In the absence of the list of other choices, an inference of a predetermined result of survey may asserted and which will cast dount at to validity of the surbvey. Moreover, the nature of questions asked were neither presented nor discussed and it could be that the questions asked from respondents are leading and which again which cast doubt to result of the survey. Bartley, B. et al (2007) also argued that the decision to work on the study was supported by the results of club’s annual assessment against criteria for performance excellence. They stated that the resulst are shown in Figures 2 and 3 which are considered as Appendices 1 and 2 in this paper. Upon deeper investigation, it may be found that Figure 2 had it horizontal axis for customer focus results while the horizontal axis has financial and market results. This graph in Figure 2 would mean that independent variable was customer focus results while the dependent variable was the financial and market results. Since Figure 2 shows a signifant relationship of two variable as shown by graph, the researchers are saying the the higher customer focused results the higher would be the financial and market results. Since they did not show how they segmented each variable it would appear that the had measured the degrees of customer focus results in the vertical axis and that every increased in the same would give higher results of financial and market results which are not also explained in detail. In other words, in terms of the segmenting the degree of customer focused results the following question remain answered: How much additional degree of customer focused result would produce additional higher financial and market result? The graphs as shown in Figure 2 may seem to answer by merely viewing the same but from the minds of this reseacher , the results could in questionable because of the failture to define the meaning of degrees of customer focused resutls. Would it mean more time given to the customer? Moreover the financial and market resutls in the vertical axis or what may be called as dependent variable in Figure are not also explained. How come that financial and market resutls are combined? If it is financial it may be referring to profitability. Since profitability of the respondents may be best measure by the amount of dollars earned per amount or quantityf of customer focused results, it is difficutl to contemplate how the researchers have mixed financial and market resutls together. Does market resutls imply increased revenues in dollars and increase in market share? In the absence of a clear explanation the result of the researchers work could remain questionable and may lack the validity and use for decision making purposes. Figure 3, which is considered Appendix 3 in this paper, also uses confusing variables in the graph by making this time, horizonal axis to represent the Customer and market focus as independent results and making the vertical axis to represent the customer focused results. If Figure 3 is related to Figure 2, it would appear what was previously assumed as independent variable has now become a dependent variable. Since the researchers did not explain the graph, the most logical inference to find consistency with the what they have concluded is to assume that the more that respondents would have to increase customer and market focus, to have higher of the degree of customer focused results, which as explained earlier were not explained how were they segmented into degrees to afford appreciation of change in the degree. In other words, the confusion is not clarified by redundantly using a variable without explaining the composition and significant of each degree or level of focused results. As in Figure 2, the use of Figure 3 did not help to support the claim of the researchers and that their conclusion could utmost be considered as surmises or conjectures without sufficient evidence. In addition, the use by researchers again of the customer and market focus as the independent variable appears to be predetermined because of their failure to show convincing proof that it was the most influential among the criteria for performance excellence under Figure 1 of their paper, which is Appendix I of this paper. They have of course asserted that the choice of the customer and market focus as most controlling contributor was based on the response of the respondents in the survey. As to how much more important the criterion to other criteria was not also explained; hence it is possible that the results of the claim of increased profitability because of the criterion of customer and market focus may not be safely be taken with high level of confidence, statistically speaking.

Analysis Of The Movie The Night - 1673 Words

Pamela was the name given to her at birth by her mama which was her mama’s. That was thirty-eight years ago. Now a former prostitute from Miami, Pamela could barely remember her mother or the last time anybody truly loved her. She had left South Beach three days before the outbreak intent on visiting her friend Melinda who was staying with her father at his place in Elmira, NY. But, after having arrived a day early and not wanting to be a burden. Pamela decided to make a stop at the Ramapo Valley resort just outside of Monticello for the night. Melinda, who had also been a former working girl, had left Miami six years earlier when she had chosen to turn her life around by getting clean. At the time, a local pimp†¦show more content†¦When Melinda had awoken from her coma to find her father sitting bedside holding her hand, she broke down sobbing uncontrollably at the sight of him. The two of them then went on to talk for several hours, ultimately laying to rest whatev er problems they had. Although six years has passed since Melinda had left Miami, she and Pamela had managed to remain friends, albeit sporadic until Pamela herself had decided to retire from the lifestyle. Now a billing specialist for a local clinic. While part timing it as a nanny for a wealthy couple’s two children on weekends. Pamela finally has her life in order. After having just arrived back home from her shift at the clinic, a letter sent from Melinda sat in Pamela’s mailbox asking if she would like to come up and visit. It was early into the evening of Thursday, April 28th when Pamela sat patiently in the waiting room of Rampo Valley’s new spa, Oo-la-la, when she’d first heard about the acute sickness that was sweeping throughout the Boston and New York metropolitan areas. News of the outbreak was being broadcasted from a television that hung in the corner of the room as she sat dismissively flipping through an old issue of Cosmo while waiting fo r her name to be called. She had asked the attendee in the spa just how close they actually were to the greater New York City area after hearing the story. The

Sci 220 Week 1 - 1728 Words

Nutrition and Health Worksheet 1. What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | Nutrition is defined â€Å"as the science that links foods to health and disease. â€Å" Nutrition is also called nourishment that provides food for support of life. Nutrition involves the process of humans ingesting, digesting, absorbing, and excreting food substances.Food provides energy in the form of calories needed to maintain all body cells. Nutrients are the substances obtained from food that are an important factor to promote growth amp; maintain a healthy body through an individuals’ life. | 2. What is the connection between nutrition and health? | Nutrition is an important lifestyle factor that promotes growth and maintains†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" | 7. Why is physical activity important as it relates to nutrition and health? | When an individual engages in physical activity, it decreases the sedentary life, promotes healthy emotional well being while maintaining a healthy body weight. Physical fitness is very important in order to be fit an individual must us proper nutrition. The effect various based on the nutrients that affect the body. When the body needs to repair and grow it uses protein. The body uses carbohydrates during physical activity as an energy source. When an individual is fit the body uses its nutrition to help heal and main certain hydration when conducting physical activity. Healthy physical activity helps the individual sleepy at night, possible live longer, feel better, healthy weight. | 8. Where might you find dietary recommendations? What are the recommended dietary allowances (RDA)? What are dietary reference intakes (DRIs)? | The dietary recommendations can be found in the DRIs. The recommended dietary allowances (RDA) are the recommended allowances of nutrients that are based on meeting the needs of individuals in a certain age and gender group. Dietary reference intakes (DRI) is a group of terms that define nutrient needs. Included in the DRI are RDA- recommended daily allowances; AIs-adequate intakes; EERs-estimated energy requirements;Show MoreRelatedProperties And Synthesis Of Poly2995 Words   |  12 Pagespeak absorbance of key functional groups in the PBO structure, was observed during the 26 week elevated temperature/elevated moisture aging period. Substantial transmutations in chemical structure were observed via infrared spectroscopy, as well as transmutations in polymer morphology utilizing microscopy and neutron scattering. When the panels we re abstracted to an ultra-dry environment for storage for 47 weeks, no further decreases in tensile vigor degradation were observed. In a follow-on study,Read MoreHealth and Nutrition Essay3549 Words   |  15 Pages | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/220 Version 7 | | |Human Nutrition | | Read MoreInformation Technology - Its Impact on Global Management4334 Words   |  18 PagesWorld Applied Sciences Journal 12 (7): 1100-1106, 2011 ISSN 1818-4952  © IDOSI Publications, 2011 Information Technology - Its Impact on Global Management 1 Irfan Ahmed, 1Akmal Shahzad Qadri, 2Rana Khurram Shahzad and 3Bashir Ahmed Khilji 1 2 Iqra University, 5, Khayaban-e-Johar, H-9, Islamabad-44000, Pakistan Netsolace Information Technology (Pvt) Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan 3 National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract: 21st century is the century of informationRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Activity On Childhood Obesity3263 Words   |  14 Pagesone of the leading causes of death in the United States. Nearly 65% of Americans are obese or overweight. In 2005, almost half a billion people in the world were obese and research predicts that number to escalate past 700 million in the coming year.1 This trend is noticeable in our youth. Children in the U.S. make up a quarter of the overweight population and 10% of the obese.2 These health conditions are factors in children that are likely candidates to affect their overall health and developmentRead MoreThe Exclusionary Rule Has Changed Our Societies1929 Words   |  8 Pagesof Boyd v. United States in which, it was suggested for the first time in history for evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment to be held inadmissible. After 30 year in 1914, that suggestion became law after the case Weeks v. United States. Fermont Weeks w as charged with using mail as a source for illegal gambling. Police officers searched his home twice without having a warrant to do so and thus the issue arrived on whether the evidence the police officers obtained would be admissibleRead MoreFotopoulos BA200 F14 Syllabus 22897 Words   |  12 PagesDEPARTMENT OF MANAGERIAL STUDIES COURSE SYLLABUS-Fall 2014 Managerial Communication BA200 CRN 36796 Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 9am-9:50am, TH 117 BA200 CRN 10868 Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12pm-12:50pm, BH B10 BA200 CRN 10869 Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 1pm-1:50pm, BH B10 Instructor: Maria Fotopoulos Office: UH 2245 Office Hours: MWF 9:50am-11:50am Email: mzagla2@uic.edu or mfotopoulos3uic@gmail.com ~Include your name, BA200, time of class, in the subject line of every e-mail Email or BlackBoard (MessageRead MoreJournal Of Essential Oil Bearing Plant : Article Report5034 Words   |  21 Pagestandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Effect of Time Distillation on Chemical Constituents and Anti-Diabetic Activity of the Essential Oil from Dark Green Parts of Egyptian Allium ampeloprasum L. Yasser A. Selim 1,2*, Mohamed I. Sakeran 3,4 1 Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig,44519, Egypt 2 Department of Basic Clinical Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, P. Qaseem University, Qaseem, Saudi Arabia Kingdom 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityRead MoreEffect Of Ginger On The Brain Of Diabetes Induced Diabetic Rats Essay7558 Words   |  31 Pageswhether the antioxidant properties of ginger has beneficial effects on the structural brain damage associated with diabetes. We investigated the observable neurodegenerative changes in the frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum after 4, 6, and 8 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats and the effect(s) of ginger (500 mg/kg/day). Sections of frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using light microscopy. In addition, quantitativeRead MoreShort Cases19708 Words   |  79 PagesMM21c short cases:MM21c-front matter 12/23/08 12:59 PM Page 1 MANAGING MARKETING IN THE 2 1S T C E N T U R Y : SHORT CASES www.mm21c.com MM21c short cases:MM21c-front matter 12/23/08 12:59 PM Page 2 2 MANAGING MARKETING IN THE 21ST CENTURY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SONIK CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. ICI FIBRES LTD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreFruit Tree Diversity And Fruit Consumption9387 Words   |  38 PagesChapter 4: Fruit tree diversity and fruit consumption in the context of deforestation in Cameroon 1. INTRODUCTION The world has been confronted with serious difficulties in curbing the rate of undernourishment, especially in sub-Sahara Africa (Vicenti et al., 2013; Arnold et al., 2011; Goenster et al., 2011). In developing countries, the livelihood and food security of smallholder land users are often at risk from unpredictable harvests, land degradation and climate change (Paumgarten and Shackleton

An Errand into the Fires of Injustice - 1133 Words

An Errand into the Fires of Injustice The myth of the millennial nation is one that describes the vision and perception held by the American people that suggests that the United States is the Nation responsible for heralding in the second coming of Jesus Christ. Hughes ties this vision to the American idea of manifest destiny which held much responsibility for our nations growth and overpowering force, not merely in our hemisphere Ââ€" but in all of the world. Hughes initially dissects the myth into its national cause and effect, both good and bad. His emphasis on the crude and regrettable parts of our nations history may lead readers to assume his discontent with our nations history; though eventually his revealed views are more†¦show more content†¦This nineteenth-century viewpoint is a far-cry from the covenant communities of the seventeenth. According to Hughes, this perspective has gradually transformed itself from a divinely bestowed responsibility to, more recently, our privilege and right (109-110). In conjunction with the Myth of Natures Nation, manifest destiny was a double-edged sword. Hughes contrasts the idea of universal equality with the claim that some men were more equal than others. Apparently the tie between cultivation and natural order was so strong, in many cases, that Native Americans were not helping the natural order of things, but paradoxically hurting it. This rationalization is a common tactic that Hughes uses as a segway into the most deplorable parts of our history (113). People of manifest destinys persuasion felt that the laws of nature and Americas divine heritage have given them every right to extend its influence beyond sheer example. Examples of this extension are shown in Hughes description of Americas mistreatment of Native Americans throughout the past centuries. Hughes, once again, rationalizes Andrew Jackson in his nearly literal war waged on their nations. The shock value of Hughes initial paragraph in this section describing corpse mutilation was absolutely unnecessary. Jackson may have done much to destroyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Knights And Chivalry681 Words   |  3 Pagesto be born a noble boy and start training at age seven. The boys didnt go to school because he was sent to live with another noble family as a page. A page learned to work with horses and weapons. He also learned manners and to be polite. He ran errands for the noble family. At age 14 a page became a squire to a knight. As a squire you had to serve the knight. By watching the knight the squire learned how to fight and use the weapons to strengthen his body. The squire had to do many things withRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown: The Evils of Puritanism Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesin â€Å"Main-street† as the ultimate symbol of the witch trials’ injustice†( Ronan 279). As Goodman Brown continues to walk with this older man he starts to get nervous say â€Å"too far too far!’ exclaimed Goodman, unconsciously resuming his walk† (Hawthorne 388). Although Goodman Brown knows what he is doing is wrong, he continues walking in the woods with the traveler. Goodman Brown states â€Å"My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest menRead MoreModern English Literature3556 Words   |  15 Pagessociety during the early twentieth century. His most acclaimed work, The Forsyte Saga, is a trilogy of novels and two short stories, featuring SoamesForsyte, a prosperous and materialistic solicitor. A passionate humanist, Galsworthy criticized social injustice in Victorian society and exalted nature, beauty, and love. His style was noted for its charm, delicacy, and descriptive detail. * H.G. WELLS He wrote science fiction like the time machine. He also wrote social and political satires criticizingRead More Oscar Wildes The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay3078 Words   |  13 Pagesthe hopeful wives simply ask where the real Ernest Worthing is because they are both engaged to him, not anyone else. When it is announced that there is no Ernest Worthing, both girls rather haughtily disregard their men to pout over this horrible injustice. This leaves Algy and Jack feeling horribly dejected, so they sit for tea and discuss their possible options. It is decided that the only action that would bring about a resolution is if they are both christened as Ernest. At the occurrence of thisRead MoreLife and Works of Estrella Alfon7175 Words   |  29 PagesRivera, Brian Alfon, Estrella Twinkie Alfon, and Rita Daday Alfon (deceased). She has 10 grandchildren. Her youngest daughter, was a stewardess for Saudi Arabian Airlines, and was part of the  Flight 163  crew on August 19, 1980, when an in-flight fire forced the aircraft to land in Riyadh. A delayed evacuation resulted in the death of everyone aboard the flight. Alfon died on December 28, 1983, following a heart attack suffered on-stage during Awards night of the Manila Film Festival. iii. METHODS/PROCEDURESRead MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pageshigh an importance in the culture of our own youth. Colonials often found dominant lowland groups both effeminate and insubordinate. But certain martial racesn-such as the Gurkhas, Ambonese, or Karens-were thought capable of great courage under fire and fierce loyalty to their white officers5 In effect, there was an imperial consensus that certain native troops, when drilled and disciplined by European officers of good character, made ideal colonial forces. PHILIPPINE STUDIES From the outsetRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesalÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ egwu alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ ezà ¨ alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ -gá »  alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §si à ²kwu alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ á »Å'nwa Uzo AlÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ ama -pá »â€¹ alÃ… «sá »â€¹ -rà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ á » ¥nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ alÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ §sá »â€¹ n. -nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ n’ama -pà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ ama -pà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ n’ama á » ¥zà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ ezi amÄ  commit abomination; break taboo; do something traditionally forbidden used in: injustice; maltreatment; wickedness medicinal plant, also used for stew yamsticks used in: be misty spirit; divinity; deity; invisible supernatural ‘being-force’, divided by Nri into four types: those directly established by Chukwu such as IgwÄ“, the firmamentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCONTENTS OF THE BOOK ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   This page intentionally left blank Introduction The Critical Role of Management Skills No one doubts that the twenty-first century will continue to be characterized by chaotic, transformational, rapid-fire change. In fact, almost no sane person is willing to predict what the world will be like 50, 25, or even 15 years from now. Change is just too rapid and ubiquitous. The development of â€Å"nanobombs† have caused some people to predict that personal computersRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesand that we shall be with Him where He is, forever one with Christ and the Father, is a marvel to the heavenly host, and it is their great joy. The gift of His Holy Spirit, rich, full, and abundant, is to be to His church as an encompassing wall of fire, which the powers of CHURCH OF THE LIVING GOD 7 hell shall not prevail against. In their untainted purity and spotless perfection, Christ looks upon His people as the reward of all His suffering, His humiliation, and His love, and the supplement

Financial Analysis

Question : Discuss about the Fanancial Analysis ? Answer : Introduction Al Anwar Ceramic Tiles Company is a manufacturer of Ceramic Tiles in the Sultanate of Oman. Founded in 1998 and having its headquarters in Muscat, it has seen a fast growth and has been able to establish itself well. In the year 2015, the industry faced a challenging task and hence the gross revenue was on the lower side that is 27.4 million and a revenue decline of 4.6% as compared to the year 2015 was observed. Various other incomes declined and the net profit stands at 6.54 million (Bloomberg, 2015). The company is highly engaged in regular enhancement programs, global sourcing in an effective manner, employment of strategies that are appropriate to nature, etc. all the factors has helped the company to lessen the down time and enhance the yield. Dhofar Cattle Feed Company was founded in 1984 with the mission of producing the best quality animal feed. Over years, it has today grown to have an installed production capacity of 400,000 MT/Annum. Experienced professionals in quality standards and excellent sales and marketing abilities make it one of the best in this field. The performance of the segment of the poultry is badly impacted due to import that is low in terms of cost and the local manufacturers are not able to match the imported cost (Bloomberg, 2015). Despite the challenges, the company put a satisfactory performance and this can be cited due to the management of the company and internal control. Vertical Horizontal Analysis A vertical analysis of the balance sheets of both the companies for the years 2015 and 2014 is conducted and the results are tabulated below: Al Anwar Ceramic Tiles DhofarCattle Feed company Current Assets 2015 2014 2015 2014 Cash Cash Equivalents 0.45 2% 1.92 10% 0.52 3% 0.44 3% Short Term Investments 8.59 39% 5.00 25% - 0% - 0% Receivables 8.81 40% 8.34 41% 7.77 41% 8.10 47% Inventories 3.95 18% 4.80 24% 10.81 57% 8.66 50% Prepaid Expenses - 0% 0.11 1% - - TOTAL 21.80 100% 20.17 100% 19.10 100% 17.20 100% Non Current Assets Plant Equipment 20.5 82% 21.77 77% 23.9 48% 24.79 48% Long Term Investments 4.65 18% 6.44 23% 25.74 51% 26.92 52% Intangibles 0 0% 0 0% 0.34 1% 0 0% Other Long Term Assets 0 0% 0 0% 0.28 1% 0.22 0% TOTAL 25.15 100% 28.21 100% 50.26 100% 51.93 100% Less: Current Liabilities Trade Payables 3.53 81% 2.18 43% 5.49 24% 7.88 34% Short Term Debt 0 0% 0 0% 15.75 69% 14.21 62% Capital Leases 0 0% 0 0% 1.66 7% 1.16 5% Accrued Expenses 0 0% 1.61 32% 0 0% 0 0% Other Current Liabilities 0.85 19% 1.31 26% 0.05 0% 0.05 0% TOTAL 4.38 100% 5.1 100% 22.95 100% 23.3 100% Non-Current Liabilities Deferred Income Tax 0.41 36% 0.38 26% 0 0% 0 0% Other Long Term Liabilities 0.72 64% 1.08 74% 5.77 100% 5.13 100% TOTAL 1.13 100% 1.46 100% 5.77 100% 5.13 100% It can be seen that Receivables constitute a majority portion in Al Anwar whereas inventory constitutes a major portion of current assets in Dhofar Cattle Feed Company. The Plant Equipment is the major portion in Al Anwar whereas Long Term Investments are major in the Current Assets division for Dhofar. Trade Payables occupies a major portion in Current Liabilities section in Al Anwar whereas Short Term Debt occupies a major position in Dhofar. A horizontal analysis of the Income Statement and Balance Sheet figures reveals the below results: DhofarCattle Feed Company Particulars 2013 2014 2015 Revenue 29.52 100% 31.87 8% 43.87 49% Cost of Revenue 25.55 100% 27.2 6% 34.56 35% Gross Profit 3.97 100% 4.67 18% 9.31 135% Total Operating Expenses 32.73 100% 34.87 7% 43.02 31% Operating Income -3.21 100% -3 -7% 0.85 126% Income before Taxes -2.88 100% -2.88 0% 1.24 143% Net Income -3 100% -2.67 -11% 1.33 144% Current Assets 13.24 100% 17.20 30% 19.10 44% Non Current Assets 49.76 100% 51.93 4% 50.26 1% Total Assets 63.00 100% 69.13 10% 69.36 10% Current Liabilities 16.83 100% 23.3 38% 22.95 36% Non Current Liabilities 2.48 100% 5.13 107% 5.77 133% Total Liabilities 19.31 100% 28.43 47% 28.72 49% Stockholders Equity 43.69 100% 40.7 -7% 40.63 -7% It can thus be seen that the initial loss-making company has turned profitable in the year 2015. As the total assets have increased by 10%, the total liabilities have increased by 49% and there is also a drop in the stockholder's equity by 7%. Al Anwar Ceramic Tiles Particulars 2013 2014 2015 Revenue 26.41 100% 28.78 9% 27.44 4% Cost of Revenue 13.19 100% 13.90 5% 14.43 9% Gross Profit 13.22 100% 14.88 13% 13.01 -2% Total Operating Expenses 18.29 100% 19.83 8% 20.45 12% Operating Income 8.12 100% 8.95 10% 6.99 -14% Income before Taxes 8.95 100% 11.05 23% 7.42 -17% Net Income 7.89 100% 9.77 24% 6.54 -17% Current Assets 15.92 100% 20.17 27% 21.80 37% Non-Current Assets 28.26 100% 28.21 0% 25.15 -11% Total Assets 44.18 100% 48.38 10% 46.95 6% Current Liabilities 5.98 100% 5.10 -15% 4.38 -27% Non-Current Liabilities 1.14 100% 1.46 28% 1.13 -1% Total Liabilities 7.12 100% 6.56 -8% 5.51 -23% Stockholders Equity 37.05 100% 41.46 12% 41.44 12% According to the figures, there is a 24% increase in the net income for the year 2014 but 17% drops in the same for the year 2015. Current Assets have seen a good increase while current liabilities have dropped and the shareholders equity has also increased by 12% which is a good sign. Cost-volume-profit analysis A cost-volume-profit analysis of both the companies reveals the following: In the case of Al-Anwar, as the sales have increased, the cost of revenue has fallen for the year 2014 leading to a good gross profit margin. But for the year 2015, the sales has fallen still the costs of revenue which comprise of direct costs has risen sharply implying the increased prices of direct materials, labor and overheads. The result is a negative gross profit (Deegan, 2011). In the case of Dhofar, the increase in costs of revenue is lower than the increase in revenue for the year 2014 and it continues to remain the same for the next year also. This indicates that the trend of price rise is directly proportional to the increase in revenue (Melville, 2013). On comparison, it can be said that Al Anwar seems to be hit badly by the increasing costs whereas Dhofar has been able to manage and retain its cost-volume-profit ratios. Investment Appraisal Techniques Analysis In the case of Al-Anwar, it can be said that 1OMR invested in 2013 has depreciated by more than 50% as on date. Thus the NPV and Pay Back period is currently negative and long term investors have definitely lost money on this stock (Parrino et. al, 2012). In the case of Dhofar, let us assume 1OMR invested in 2013 has remained at almost the same rate, which helps us infer that the stock has seen some ups and downs but has not led to any huge profits or losses. The NPV and payback periods can vary from a year to more (Williams, 2012). Analysis of Profitability and financial performance Al Anwar is a loss making the company and even the current years quarterly financial figures are not very impressive. Dhofar has also not been able to produce great results for the three-quarters of the current year 2016, but on a consolidation of the full years profits, there could be some recovery and improvement noticed in comparison to the prior year (Graham Smart, 2012). The Ratios based on 2015 figures are tabulated below: Ratio Al Anwar Dhofar Cattle Feed P/E Ratio 13.59 91.91 Gross Margin 41.20% 19.59% Operating Margin 16.88% -0.70% Net Profit Margin 16.44% 0.32% Revenue/Share 0.08 0.56 Book Value/Share 0.13 0.49 Return on Equity 9.56% 0.30% Return on Assets 8.40% 0.20% Return on Investment 9.29% 0.31% Quick Ratio 3.93 0.53 Current Ratio 5.15 0.96 Debt Equity Ratio 0.00% 15.38% Asset Turnover 0.51 0.62 Inventory Turnover 3.19 3.21 Dividend Yield 11.70% 2.20% Dividend Growth 24.56% -33.51% The financial performance of Al Anwar for the year 2015 has been better than that of Dhofar according to the ratios. Also, it would be pertinent to note that Al Anwar is a completely debt free company, whereas Dhofar is having short and long term liabilities and debts. Apart from this, the return on equity, assets, and investment is better in the case of Al Anwar. The Dividend yield ratios and dividend growth have also proved to be good. Hence, these are the factors that an investor consider while investing in a company. The current and quick is very high that indicates the company will be able to discharge the obligation and at the same time it needs to be noted that the company has surplus cash and can be utilized or invested elsewhere to generate better returns (Davies Crawford, 2012). Business Performance using financial non-financial measures The financial measures are the ratios and figures calculated. The non-financial measures include the SWOT Analysis and Balanced Scorecard approach. The increasing technological problems, price changes and increasing rates of interests seem to be affecting Dhofar. Its peer players in this industry are seemingly performing better than Dhofar (Freedman, 2013). Al Anwar is having a reasonable performance when it comes to peer comparison, though it has been hit by the global recession and general increase in price levels, it is still able to maintain its dividends and profits (Freedman, 2013). SWOT Analysis of Al-Anwar Strength Profitability Sales network and distribution Weakness Productivity in future More investments in RD Opportunities Venture capital Threats Higher increment in the rate of interest Comparison of both companies At the current stage, both the companies are presumably in deep waters. It is difficult to recommend the purchase of any share. The ratios are better for Al Anwar though at a decreasing trend in comparison to the prior two years. Whereas the share price appreciation has not taken place for Al-Anwar and from this angle Dhofar is a relatively safer bet as it will not lead to capital deterioration. Hence this could be the time to wait for Al Anwars share price to show some steady and improved performance. Investment in Dhofar is not being recommended as the company is running in losses. Therefore, as per the given scenario, the performance of Al Anwar needs to be analyzed for a certain time frame and then a decision needs to be taken into consideration 9 Horngren, 2013). Which is better? From different angles, different companies are looking better. Hence to trademark any one company, Al Anwar can be said to be a better company than Dhofar though this in not the right time to invest in the shares of Al Anwar. As per the scenario and the analysis, it can be said that the company Al Anwar is a better bet and the performances indicates that. The computed ratio project that the ROE, ROA, and the liquidity are better as compared to Dhofar. However, there are some deficiencies and the industry is going through a tough time (Needles Powers, 2013). Hence, it is difficult to ascertain whether it is the bottom. Therefore, Al Anwar should be on the radar list and must be kept under consideration. Conclusion The financial analysis for Al Anwar has cited the dip in revenues and profitability of the company from the last three years. Apart from this, analysts are of the stand to hold the position on this share. The financial analyst's review has predicted the median estimates for the next one year to see a 47% increase in the share price from its current rate. The reality of the same can be predicted through the quarterly results. In the case of Dhofar, the revenues have grown with time (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Thus it is a safer bet in comparison to Al Anwar. It can be concluded that in the changing times as technology has advanced, investors are better informed and make real-time decisions about capital appreciation and dividend yields. Hence to survive in the competitive markets, efficiency in all areas of internal controls and cost controls can help the company achieve the desired profits and also keep investors happy. NET PRESENT VALUE METHOD PROJECT A Present Value of Inflow = Cash Inflow* Annuity Factor of 10%,5 years = 40,000 * 3.791 = Rs.1,51,640 Less: Present Value of Outflow = Rs.1,00,000 Net Present Value = Rs. 51,640 PROJECT B Present Value of Inflow = Cash Inflow* Annuity Factor of 10%, 5 years Cash in Flow D.Factor (10%,5 years) 60,000 0.909 30,000 0.826 20,000 0.751 50,000 0.683 50,000 0.621 Present Value of Inflow Present Value of Outflow Net Present Value INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN METHOD PROJECT A IRR =Cash Inflow* P.V of Annuity Factor = Outflow = 40,000*P.V of A.F = 1,00,000 = P.V of A.F = 2.5 TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD 27% =2.5827 29%=2.483 X=2.5 29-27 = 2.483-2.5827 X-27 2.5-2.5827 = X=28.66% IRR Cash in Flow D.Factor (30%,5 years) 60,000 0.769 30,000 0.592 20,000 0.455 50,000 0.35 50,000 0.269 Cash in Flow D.Factor (33%,5 years) 60,000 0.752 30,000 0.565 20,000 0.425 50,000 0.32 50,000 0.24 30% =1,03,950 33%=98,570 X=1,00,000 33-30 = 98,570-1,03,950 X-30 1,00,000-1,03,950 = X=32.20.% PROFITABILITY INDEX METHOD PROJECT A PI = PV of Inflow/PV of Outflow = 1,51,640/1,00,000 =1.5164 PROJECT B PI = PV of Inflow/PV of Outflow = 1,59,540/1,00,000 =1.5954 Project B is recommended because of the above-shown calculations. In the Net present value method, the cash inflow is Rs.51640 in Project A whereas the cash inflow is Rs. 59540 in project B.We can see that the cash inflow is more in project B so Project B is recommended. In the Interest rate of return method, the rate in case of project B exceeds project A which shows that Project B will help us to have more cash inflow. The rate in case of project A is 28.66% whereas in the case of project B it is 32.20%. Hence, project B is recommended. In Profitability method, the profitability index is more in the case of Project B. In the above calculations it has been shown that the cash inflow from project A is 1.5164 whereas in the case of project B it is 1.5954. Therefore, project B is recommended. (c) The terms which are measured numerically are called financial factors whereas the one measured subjectively is called non-financial factor. Following are the non-financial factors- (i) Corporate culture- The way a company performs its functions and carry out its operations shows its impact on capital investment. The change of way of communication or setting up of a new business building is some of the examples (Davies Crawford, 2012). (ii) The quality of products- There is a great impact of capital investment on the quality of the products. It is expected by the company to maintain a balance between the cost and the quality of the capital resources. This quality of the capital resources may have a negative or positive impact on the quality of the product that has been produced. Calculations showing contribution per unit. Particulars Product A(per unit) Product B(per unit) Sale Price 20 15 Material 10 9 Direct wages 3 2 Variable expenses 3 2 Contribution p.u 4 2 `Calculation showing total contribution and total profit. Particulars Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 A B A B A B No. of units 100 200 150 150 200 100 Sales price 2000 3000 3000 2250 4000 1500 Material 1000 1800 1500 1350 2000 900 Wages 300 400 450 300 600 200 Variable expenses 300 400 450 300 600 200 Contribution 400 400 600 300 800 200 Total Contribution 800 900 1000 Fixed expenses 800 800 800 Total profit 0 100 200 The most profitable situation is when 200 units of A and 100 units of B is produced. The profit earned is more in situation 3 when compared to situation 1 and situation 2. The variable expenses are those expenses which increase with the increase in the output. Material cost and labor are variable expenses. The fixed expenses remain the same irrespective of the number of units produced. The total contribution is the highest in situation 3 and so is the profit. All the variable expenses are deducted from the sales value to get the total contribution. Then, fixed expenses are deducted from the contribution then we will get the profit (Libby et. al, 2011). References Bloomberg 2015, Company Overview ofDhofar Cattle Feed Co. S.A.O.G, viewed 19 December 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=10360554 Bloomberg 2015, Company Overview ofAl Anwar Ceramic Tiles Company SAOG, viewed 19 December 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=10360525 Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Freedman, L 2013, Strategy, Oxford University Press Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Libby, R., Libby, P. Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Needles, B.E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting, Financial Accounting Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. Bates, T 2012, Fundamentals of corporate finance, Hoboken, Series: Cengage Learning. NJ: Wiley Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

The 1960 Republic of South Africa Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the 1960 Republic of South Africa. Answer: The 1960s Changes The 1960s was and still is a historical period in the history of the Republic of South Africa. The period was met with the implementation of the apartheid and the significant internal opposition. There arose discriminative racial policies and intense police violence and brutality. Several other events also ensued and included the neutralization of the political dissent through the declaration of the State of Emergency. There was also massive arrest, detention or even exile of the political activists. The political activities led the revolt against the implementation of the apartheid policies. The rebellion sought to derail the implementation plans and abolish the merging of the white minority rule. The revolt led to the massacre of some unarmed protesters, commonly known as the Sharpeville massacre. The massacre is perceived as South Africa's turning point. All these and many events that took place in South Africa led to many changes. In this respect, therefore, the primary role of t his paper is to discuss the social, political, cultural, and economic changes of the 1960s turbulence. Additionally, the paper will also assess the effects of these changes to the planners and planning as well as how the two responded to the changes. South Africa encountered numerous political changes, particularly, after the ban of the ANC (African National Congress) and PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) anti-apartheid movements (which took place after the Sharpeville Massacre) (Lissoni, 2008: 79). The ANC and PAC were, however, unwilling to yield to the ban. Consequently, there arose underground plans that continued the struggle. The ANC together with the South Africa Communist Party (SACP) formed the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) while the PAC set up an armed group known as Poqo (Lissoni, 2008: 267). The South African government, on the other hand, were hard on the activists and other protesters hence it passed security laws that allowed the arrest, imprisonment, and detention of the activities. The political pressure from the government was overwhelming to the movement a factor that led some activities to go to exile. However, while in exile the SACP, PAC, and ANC established military training bases, camps, and offices (Lissoni, 2008: 4 4). Later, what ensued was the spread of the Anti Apartheid Movement to Holland, Sweden, Britain, and several other countries (Lissoni, 2008: 49). The formation of the liberation movements meant more pressure on the South African Government hence its inability to abolish apartheid. The 1960's apartheid had adverse effects on the economic growth of South Africa. The economic productivity and profitability in the country were primarily affected by the import substitution strategy (Bhattacharya and Lowenberg: 41). Moreover, the investors recorded lower profits and return on investment due to the discriminative labour. Essentially, investors and other savers were unwilling to invest in long term projects thereby reducing the investment rate in physical capital (Marais, 2013: 53). Similarly, the education policies of 1960 are led to minimal human capital investment particularly on black workforce (Bhattacharya and Lowenberg: 40). Therefore, there was no equilibrium between the human and the physical capital. Additionally, South Africa experienced both social and cultural segregation. Segregation permeated every aspect of life including schools, transport, trading, settlements, work places, public social places (beaches, theatres, and beaches), and churches (Clark and Worger: 36). Evidently, the whites and the non-whites were not permitted to socialize, relate or mix whatsoever. Blacks, therefore, were unequal to whites. The latter was treated with respect and prestige (Walker, 2000: 263). Moreover, there was an Act that prohibited mixed marriages between the whites and the people of colour (Clark and Worger: 40). Another Act, the Group Areas Act (1950) divided the country into different areas which were later occupied by various racial groups. The law according to Worden (1996: 1017) played the apartheid's primary role of laying the foundation for which social separation was made upon. The social, cultural, economic, and political changes had adverse impacts on planners and planning. In other words, the planners and planning were directly affected by these changes. Firstly, the recognition of planning profession was difficult (Coetzee and Retief, 2013: 39). For this reason, the planning was difficult, and the planners had, therefore, to rely on the South Africa national government not only to write a draft but also to implement the policies. Moreover, Coetzee and Retief (2013: 39) contend that the planners secured employment in the local, provincial or the national government. For this reason, the planners and planning were affected directed in that the planners could not go against the government policies. Thus, the national level planners played a key role in perpetuating the apartheid planning policies. Other times, the planners were bestowed the responsibility of drafting and legislating these policies. Nonetheless, Coetzee and Retie (2013: 39) noted the contra diction that existed in the planning schools and among the planners. Some planners willingly supported the apartheid policies while others were opposed to them though they had to fulfil their roles as mandated by the government. Some planning schools also opposed the apartheid planning policies as well other planning that promoted apartheid and segregation. The response of the planners to the mentioned changes seems to have followed the political waves that swept South Africa in 1960s. As aforementioned, planners were employed by the government. This translates to the fact that they responded to the government apartheid policies. Some politicians and planners, however, believed that the planning process allowed political and public participation (Coetzee and Retief, 2013: 51). Nonetheless, the closure of South Africa to the rest of the world, the planners did not prioritize the trends that allowed public participation (Rugui, 2015: 37). In conclusion, it is arguable that South Africa experienced social, political, cultural, and economic changes in the 1960s. Although there may be some benefits, the country encountered adverse effects especially with the emergence of the apartheid era. These changes saturated all aspects of life. The changes mainly affected those against apartheid while they benefited the proposers. As a consequence of these outcomes, planning and planners were also affected. Planning as a profession and planners as professionals were affected by these changes since they were expected to pledge allegiance to the government. For this reason, some planners were left without an option other than fulfil their duties at the expense of propagating apartheid policies. Others including planning schools were opposed to these policies. The Government's immense influence on planners and planning affected the manner in which the public participated in the drafting of policies that directly affected them. References Bhattacharya, R. and Lowenberg, A.D., (2010). Impact of apartheid on economic growth: implications and empirical evidence from South Africa. Comparative Economic Studies, 52(1), pp.38-61. Coetzee, J., and Retief, M. (2013).Cities to be Tamed? Standards and Alternative in the Transformation of Urban South Conference Proceedings. The Journal of Urbanisation, (26)1: 38-54. Clark, N.L. and Worger, W.H., (2016). South Africa: The rise and fall of apartheid. Routledge. Lissoni, A., (2008). The South African Liberation Movements in Exile, c. 19451970. PhD., University of London. Marais, H., (2013). South Africa pushed to the limit: The political economy of change. Zed Books Ltd.. Rugui, P., (2015). Review Amendment of the Planning Profession Act (36 of 2002). Walker, V.S., (2000). Valued segregated schools for African American children in the South, 1935-1969: A review of common themes and characteristics. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), pp.253-285. Worden, N., (1996). The making of modern South Africa: Conquest, segregation and apartheid. The English Historical Review, 111(443), pp.1016-1018.